Impact of variations in oral and intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide on testicular toxicity in adult male albino rats

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Egypt

10.21608/BBJ.2025.361161.1190

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used as chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents. Despite its potential effectiveness treatment, it has adverse effects on the structure and functions of various body organs. This study was conducted to address testicular dysfunctions in the testes post CTX-treatments either with intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or with oral administration (P.O.). Thirty male rats were used, and were divided into three groups (10 rats for each) as follows: Group 1 (Gp1) was served as control group. Gp2, rats had given a single dose of CTX (200 mg/kg b.wt) i.p. Gp3, rats were given a single dose of CTX (200 mg/kg b.wt) P.O. Rats were sacrificied at day 8. Blood samples were collected and the testes were removed for histological examination. The antioxidant/oxidant parameters, male reproductive hormones included testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), pro-inflammatory cytokines included tumor necrotic factors-α, and inteleukin-6 were measured. The histological alterations in testes in all groups were investigated. CTX-i.p. group demonstrated highly significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and glutathione reduced content while mild significant reduction observed in CTX-P.O. group when compared to control group. Malondialdehyde level showed highly significant increase in CTX-i.p. and moderate significant increase in CTX-P.O. group when compared to control group. The results showed highly significant reduction in hormone levels (testosterone, LH and FSH) in CTX-i.p. group when compared to control group while CTX-P.O. group showed moderate significant decrease in hormone levels when compared to control group. The results showed that CTX-i.p. injected group triggers a strong inflammatory response than CTX-P.O. group when compared to control group. The histological examinations of testes tissues confirmed these results. The CTX injection through the i.p. injection led to more toxicity in the physiological and histological alteration in testes when compared to the administration of CTX by P.O.

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